Percepções sobre os espaços públicos de lazer, segurança e qualidade de vida dos brasileiros / Perceptions about brazilian's leisure public places, security and life quality

Objetivo: analisar as percepções sobre os espaços públicos de lazer, segurança e qualidade de vida dos adultos brasileiros. Método: a amostra foi composta por 5259 adultos, representando uma cidade de cada uma das cinco regiões brasileiras, sendo elas: Florianópolis (SC), Goiânia (GO), João Pessoa (PB), Palmas (TO) e Vitória (ES). Foi utilizado um questionário estruturado que foi aplicado por equipe treinada. A Regressão Logística Binária foi utilizada para identificar as razões de chances, sendo analisadas no modelo ajustado quando as variáveis atingissem o critério pré estabelecido de p<0,05. Resultados: Pelo menos um terço da amostra (35,2%) indicou percepção de qualidade de vida negativa. Demonstraram maior chance de apresentá-la aqueles que quase nunca ou nunca frequentavam espaços públicos de lazer e os que os percebiam como desagradáveis, insuficientes e inseguros e aqueles que não se sentiam seguros durante a noite e de dia em suas cidades. Conclusão: A partir das associações encontradas após análise ajustada, sugere-se que espaços públicos de lazer e segurança podem intervir na qualidade de vida, por isso recomenda-se soluções de incentivo e manutenção daqueles, de forma que incida positivamente na percepção desta.

Objective: To analyze the perceptions about public leisure spaces, safety and quality of life of Brazilian adults. Method: the sample consisted of 5,259 adults, representing a city in each of the five Brazilian regions, namely: Florianópolis (SC), Goiânia (GO), João Pessoa (PB), Palmas (TO) and Vitória (ES). Characterizing itself as a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological research. The instrument applied in the research was the standardized questionnaire, called Public Opinion Research (POP). Binary Logistic Regression was used to identify the odds ratios, being analyzed in the adjusted model when the variables reached the pre-established criterion of p<0.05. Results: At least one third of the sample (35.2%) indicated a negative perception of quality of life. Those who almost never or never attended public leisure spaces and those who perceived them as unpleasant, insufficient and insecure and those who did not feel safe during the night and day in their cities showed a greater chance of presenting it. Conclusion: Based on the associations found after an adjusted analysis, it is suggested that public spaces for leisure and safety can intervene in the quality of life, so it is recommended solutions to incentive and maintain those, in a way that positively affects their perception.

A composição corporal de trabalhadores obesos está associada às barreiras para a atividade física no lazer? / Is the body composition of obese workers associated with the constraints to physical activity leisure?

O objetivo deste estudo foi associar a percepção de barreiras para atividade física no lazer (AFL) com o status de peso de trabalhadores industriários. Participaram 885 trabalhadores de ambos os sexos (515 mulheres). Além das barreiras à AFL, foram analisados o IMC auto referido e variáveis sociodemográficas. Estratificadas pelo status de peso, motivos como falta de interesse em praticar (p = 0,004), falta de habilidades físicas (p = 0,044), preocupação com a aparência durante a prática (p < 0,001) e medo de lesionar-se (p = 0,002) foram significantemente mais frequentes entre os obesos, em comparação aos eutróficos. Ainda, quanto maior o IMC de mulheres, mais barreiras para AFL são percebidas (r = 0,119; p = 0,009). Concluiu-se que a composição corporal é um fator que está associado às AFL de trabalhadores obesos. Além disso, em mulheres, o impacto da relação entre a percepção de barreiras e o status de peso parece maior.

The aim of this study was to associate the perception of barriers to leisure-time physical activity (LPA) with the industrial worker's weight status. 885 workers of both sexes (515 women) participated. In addition to barriers to AFL, self-reported BMI and sociodemographic variables were analyzed. Stratified by weight status, reasons such as lack of interest in practicing (p = 0.004), lack of physical skills (p = 0.044), concern with appearance during practice (p < 0.001) and fear of injury (p = 0.002) were significantly more frequent among obese compared to eutrophic individuals. Also, the higher the BMI of women, the more barriers to AFL are perceived (r = 0.119; p = 0.009). Is the body composition of obese workers associated with the constraints to physical activity leisure? Furthermore, in women, he impact of the relationship between perceived barriers and weight status appears to be greater.

Bidirectional Daily Associations Between Accelerometer-Measured Sleep and Physical Activity in Brazilian High School Students.

PURPOSE: This study analyzed day-to-day estimates of bidirectional associations between sleep parameters and intensity-specific physical activity and assessed whether the timing of physical activity influences these relationships. METHODS: The sample was comprised of 651 high school students (51.2% female, 16.33 [1.0] y old) from southern Brazil. Physical activity and sleep were measured using accelerometers. Multilevel models were applied to test associations of nocturnal total sleep time, onset, and efficiency with moderate to vigorous and light (LPA) physical activity. RESULTS: Higher engagement in moderate to vigorous physical activity and LPA was associated with increased total sleep time, and this effect was greater when physical activity was performed in the morning. Morning and evening LPA were associated with increased sleep efficiency and reduced total sleep time, respectively. Practice of LPA in the morning leads to early sleep onset, whereas evening LPA was associated with later onset. Higher total sleep time and later sleep onset were associated with lower moderate to vigorous physical activity and LPA on the following day. However, higher sleep efficiency was associated with increased LPA. CONCLUSION: The relationship between sleep parameters and physical activity is bidirectional and dependent on physical activity intensity and timing.

Tradução e validação da leisure attitude scale para o português do Brasil / Translation and validation of leisure attitude scale to portuguese of Brazil

O presente estudo teve como objetivo traduzir para o português do Brasil e analisar a validade de conteúdo da Leisure Attitude Scale (LAS), propondo assim a versão brasileira do instrumento a Escala de Atitudes ao Lazer (EAL). Seguindo os critérios estabelecidos por Herdman, Fox-Rushby e Badia (1998) o método utilizado para a tradução e adaptação transcultural foi constituído pelas análises das equivalências conceitual, de itens, semântica, operacional e de mensuração. As etapas do processo foram: tradução e retrotradução, revisão técnica, avaliação da clareza da linguagem, pertinência prática e relevância teórica, aplicação dos instrumentos em grupo focal; reteste, e, por fim, a aplicação do instrumento finalizado em amostra de indivíduos adultos. Participaram do estudo adultos de ambos os sexos, trabalhadores do setor industriário da Grande Florianópolis ­ SC/Brasil. A amostra foi composta por 180 trabalhadores para análise da reprodutibilidade e 992 para os indicadores de consistência interna. Além disso, onze especialistas na área do lazer contribuíram para o processo de adaptação transcultural e validade de conteúdo do instrumento. Os especialistas atribuíram valores satisfatórios para a análise de conteúdo nos itens clareza e linguagem (CVCt = 0,818), pertinência prática (CVCt = 0,782) e relevância teórica (X = 3,91; DP = 0,83). Os índices de reprodutibilidade por meio da análise de correlação intraclasse em teste-reteste foram considerados adequados em todos os domínios da LAS (cognitivo = 0,785 - bom; emocional = 0,847 - ótimo; comportamental = 0,923 - excelente). Além disso, o Alpha de Cronbach apresentou valor de 0,958. Pode-se afirmar que a EAL se constitui em instrumento válido para a investigação das atitudes dos adultos face ao lazer nos domínios cognitivo, afetivo e comportamental, apresentando adequados indicadores psicométricos de validade, reprodutibilidade e consistência interna.

The purpose of this study was to translate to Brazilian Portuguese and to analyze the content validity of the Leisure Attitude Scale (LAS), thus proposing the Brazilian version of the instrument, the Brazilian Leisure Attitude Scale (EAL). Following the criteria established by Herdman, Fox-Rushby e Badia (1998), the methodology used for transcultural translation and adaptation, the conceptual, item, semantic, operational and measurement equivalences were respected. The stages of the process were: translation and back-translation, technical review, language clarity assessment, practical relevance and theoretical relevance, application of the focus group tools; retest, and, finally, the application of the completed instrument. The study included adults of both sexes, workers from the industrial sector of Greater Florianopolis - SC / Brazil. The sample consisted of 180 workers for analysis of reproducibility and 992 for indicators of internal consistency. In addition, eleven experts in the field of leisure have contributed to the process of cross-cultural adaptation and content validity of the instrument. The authors attributed satisfactory values to the content analysis in terms of clarity and language (CVCt = 0.818), practical relevance (CVCt = 0.782) and theoretical relevance (X = 3.91, SD = 0.83). The reproducibility indices by the intra-class correlation in test-retest were considered adequate in all domains of LAS (cognitive = 0.785- good, emotional = 0.847 - optimal, behavioral = 0.923 - excellent). In addition, Cronbach's Alpha presented a value of 0.958. We can say that the Brazilian version of LAS, the EAL is a valid instrument for the investigation of adults' attitudes towards leisure in the cognitive, affective and behavioral domains, presenting adequate psychometric indicators of validity, reproducibility and internal consistency.

Relationship between body composition and bone mass in normal-weight and overweight adolescents.

Adolescence is a period characterized by large accumulation of bone mass. Body composition is an important determinant of bone mass. This study aimed to assess the relationship of bone mass with lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) in normal-weight and overweight adolescents with consideration of sex, sexual maturation and physical activity covariates. A total of 118 adolescents (60 girls and 58 boys) aged between 10 and 14 years participated in the study. Individuals were classified as normal weight or overweight according to body mass index. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), LM, and FM were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In normal-weight adolescents, LM (ß = 0.725, p < 0.001) and FM (ß = 0.185, p = 0.019) were associated with lumbar spine BMC, whereas in overweight adolescents only LM (ß = 0.736, p < 0.001) was associated with lumbar spine BMC. Furthermore, in the normal-weight group, FM and LM were associated with total body less head BMD (LM, ß = 0.792, p < 0.001; FM, ß = 0.257, p = 0.007) and lumbar spine BMD (LM, ß = 0.553, p < 0.001; FM, ß = 0.199, p < 0.035). In the overweight group, only LM was associated with total body less head BMD (ß = 0.682, p < 0.001) and lumbar spine BMD (ß = 0.528, p < 0.001). LM was the main predictor of bone mass in normal-weight and overweight adolescents. FM was associated with bone mass in normal-weight adolescents only. LM may be considered an important and useful marker in adolescents, when investigating bone health in this population. Activities that promote LM gain to reduce the risk of bone fractures and diseases in adulthood are recommended.

Young people's low back pain and awareness of postural habits: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Young people tend to spend most of their time in activities involving inappropriate positions, which can promote musculoskeletal alterations and disorders. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in young people and analyse its associations with daily postural habits. METHODS: Cross-sectional and retrospective study evaluating 679 Brazilian young people (15 to 18 years old), using questionnaires about LBP and awareness of postural habits. The prevalence values were calculated for the present moment, the last three months and throughout life. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Chi-square test were applied. RESULTS: The prevalence of LBP at the present moment was 27.2%, 57.7% over the last three months and 73.9% throughout life. Boys and girls presented significantly different values, a larger number of girls manifesting pain for the three moments. The associated postural habits were: turning the body, reduction of lumbar lordosis when seated, not placing the feet on the floor, crossing the legs when sitting in the classroom and at home, sitting or lying in an inappropriate position, and distributing the body asymmetrically on the legs when standing. CONCLUSIONS: Young people from 15 to 18 years of age show a high prevalence of low back pain. Inadequate postural habits adopted during everyday activities are associated with this complaint. These findings could contribute to the implementation of prevention and rehabilitation strategies.

Comparação de avaliação de medidas indiretas e associação com medida subjetiva de capacidade aeróbia / Comparison of assessment of indirect measures and association with subjective measure of aerobic capacity

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a avaliação da resistência aeróbia avaliada pelos testes de McArdle e Conconi e associar as medidas indiretas com a percepção subjetiva por meio da Escala de Capacidade Percebida (ECP). Foram recrutados 29 participantes, 17 homens e 12 mulheres, com idades iguais ou maiores de 18 anos da região de São José, Santa Catarina. Após os recrutamentos foram analisados variáveis como sexo, idade, estatura, massa corporal, frequência cardíaca e esforço físico por meio dos testes de banco de McArdle e Conconi, além da capacidade percebida por meio da ECP. A média da pontuação da ECP foi de 9,72 (DP = 1,60). O Índice de Correlação Intraclasse entre os dois testes foi considerando excelente (r = 0,939; p < 0,001). Além disso, ambas análises apresentaram associação com a variável desfecho. No entanto, o poder explicativo da Regressão Linear, considerando como variável independente o VO2max a partir do deste de McArdle foi maior (45,3%). Assim, recomenta-se a utilização da tabela de referência deste teste para identificação do VO2máx a partir da percepção subjetiva pela ECP. Desta forma, a ECP pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa na avaliação, prescrição de exercícios e em estudos epidemiológicos por sua fácil e rápida aplicabilidade em adultos ativos fisicamente

This study aimed to compare the assessment of aerobic resistance evaluated by the McArdle and Conconi tests and to associate the indirect measures with the subjective perception through the Rating of Perceived Capacity (RPC). 29 participants were recruited, 17 men and 12 women, aged 18 years or older from the region of São José-SC. After recruitment, variables such as gender, age, height, body mass, heart rate and physical effort were analyzed using the McArdle and Conconi bench tests, in addition to the perceived capac-ity through the ECP. The mean ECP score was 9.72 (SD = 1.60). The Intraclass Correlation Index between the two tests was considered excellent (r = 0.939; p < 0.001). In addition, both analyses were associated with the outcome variable. However, the explanatory power of Linear Regression, considering VO2max as an independent variable from McArdle's, was higher (45.3%). Thus, it is recommended to use the reference table of this test to identify the VO2max from the subjective perception by the ECP. In this way, ECP can be a valuable tool in the evaluation, exercise prescription and in epidemiological studies due to its easy and quick easy applicability in physically active adults

Cultural adaptation and validation of the Sport Imagery Questionnaire for Children (SIQ-C) to the portuguese language / Adaptação cultural e validação do Sport Imagery Questionnaire for Children (SIQ-C) para a língua portuguesa

The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the Sport Imagery Questionnaire for Children to Brazilian Portuguese. For this purpose, analyzes of reproducibility, internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. The final sample consisted of 521 athletes from 14 sports and ages 14 and 19 (M = 16.31, SD = 1.18). High indices of internal consistency (? = 0.870), reproducibility (0.824) and content validity were verified. In the confirmatory factor analysis, it was observed the appropriate global indexes of adjustment to the five-factor instrument model (RMSEA = 0.060; CFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.88; SRMR = 0.047). The translated instrument has adequate psychometric indicators to evaluate sport imagery, presents a reproducible factor structure and is a reliable test to measure the frequency of imagery use in Brazilian adolescent athletes.

O objetivo deste estudo foi traduzir, adaptar e validar o Sport Imagery Questionnaire for Children para o português brasileiro. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises de reprodutibilidade, consistência interna e análise fatorial confirmatória. A amostra final foi composta de 521 atletas praticantes de 14 modalidades esportivas e com idades entre 14 e 19 anos (M = 16,31, DP = 1,18). Foram verificados altos índices de consistência interna (? = 0,870), reprodutibilidade (0,824) e validade de conteúdo. Na análise fatorial confirmatória, foram observados os índices globais adequados de ajuste ao modelo do instrumento de cinco fatores (RMSEA = 0,060; CFI = 0,90; TLI = 0,88; SRMR = 0,047). O instrumento traduzido possui indicadores psicométricos adequados para avaliar a imagética no esporte, apresenta uma estrutura fatorial reproduzível e é um teste confiável para medir a frequência de uso de imagética em atletas adolescentes brasileiros.

Socioenvironmental factors and behaviors associated with negative self-rated health in Brazil.

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with negative self-rated health in Brazil. The sample consisted of 5,259 adults from five representative capitals of the five regions of Brazil. Data collection was achieved in the following municipalities: Palmas (North Region), João Pessoa (Northeast Region), Goiânia (Central-West Region), Vitória (Southeast Region) and Florianópolis (South Region). For the analysis of the data, Binary Logistic Regression for determine the factors associated with negative self-rated health was used. Negative self-rated health was identified in 31.43% of Brazilians. The factors that were significantly associated were bad air quality, does not have public spaces for leisure, older age group, insufficient salary to cover expenses, a rare practice of physical exercises, does not perform healthy eating, active commuting for study or employment and commuting time for above 30 minutes, dissatisfaction with health services and still, not working, not looking for a job and finally, reside in some Brazilian regions. The study presents the importance of socioenvironmental and behavioral factors for the self-rated health of Brazilian adults, as well as it shows high rates of negative self-rated health compared to other studies.

Socioenvironmental factors and behaviors associated with negative self-rated health in Brazil

Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the factors associated with negative self-rated health in Brazil. The sample consisted of 5,259 adults from five representative capitals of the five regions of Brazil. Data collection was achieved in the following municipalities: Palmas (North Region), João Pessoa (Northeast Region), Goiânia (Central-West Region), Vitória (Southeast Region) and Florianópolis (South Region). For the analysis of the data, Binary Logistic Regression for determine the factors associated with negative self-rated health was used. Negative self-rated health was identified in 31.43% of Brazilians. The factors that were significantly associated were bad air quality, does not have public spaces for leisure, older age group, insufficient salary to cover expenses, a rare practice of physical exercises, does not perform healthy eating, active commuting for study or employment and commuting time for above 30 minutes, dissatisfaction with health services and still, not working, not looking for a job and finally, reside in some Brazilian regions. The study presents the importance of socioenvironmental and behavioral factors for the self-rated health of Brazilian adults, as well as it shows high rates of negative self-rated health compared to other studies.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os fatores associados à percepção negativa de saúde no Brasil. A amostra foi composta por 5.259 adultos de cinco capitais representativas das cinco regiões do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos seguintes municípios: Palmas, João Pessoa, Goiânia, Vitória e Florianópolis. Para analisar os dados, utilizou-se da Regressão Logística Binária para determinar os fatores associados. Identificou-se percepção negativa de saúde em 31,43% dos brasileiros. Os fatores que foram significativamente associados foram: má qualidade do ar, não possuir espaços públicos de lazer, faixa etária mais avançada, salário insuficiente para cobrir despesas, prática rara de exercícios físicos, não realizar alimentação saudável, deslocamento ativo para estudo ou emprego, tempo de deslocamento acima de 30 minutos, insatisfação com os serviços de saúde, não trabalhar e não estar procurando emprego e, por fim, residir nas regiões Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste do Brasil. O estudo apresenta a importância de fatores socioambientais e comportamentais para a percepção da saúde de adultos brasileiros e mostra altos índices de percepção negativa de saúde em comparação com outros estudos.

Fatores associados com o desempenho de jovens atletas de atletismo / Factors associated with performance in young track and field athletes

O presente estudo teve objetivo de verificar os fatores sociais e comportamentais associados com o desempenho na competição de atletas adolescentes de Atletismo de Santa Catarina. Participaram deste estudo 74 atletas adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos com me diana de idade de 17,0 (16,0-18,0) anos. Os participantes responderam questões sociodemográficas (sexo, idade e classe social), questões sobre a frequênci a e duração das sessões de treinamento, experiência no esporte, experiência na competição, incentivo finan ceiro (Bolsa-Atleta) e status social subjetivo na equipe. Além disso, desempenho na competição foi obtido a partir da consulta de registros dos resultados oficiais da principal competição esportiva para adolescentes do Estado de Santa Catarina. O teste de correlação de Spearman foi utilizado para verificar correlação entre as variáveis. Para comparação entre os grupos foi utilizado o teste U de Mann Whitney. Verificou-se que os medalhistas eram os atletas que apresentaram maior experiência no esporte (p=0,033) e na competição (p=0,011) e maior duração das sessões de treinamento (p=0,002), comparados aos não medalhistas da competição. Além disso, foram observadas correlações significativas entre o desempenho e as variáveis de experiência no esporte (rho = -0,298; p = 0,011), status social subjetivo na equipe (rho = -0,316; p = 0,006), experiência na competição (rho = -0,377; p = 0,001) e média da duração dos treinos (rho = -0,316; p = 0,006). Por último, observaram-se melhores desempenhos os atletas que receberam Bolsa-Atleta comparados aos atletas que não receberam o benefício (p<0,001). Conclui-se que além das variáveis de treinamento no Atletismo apresentarem grande relevância para o resultado na competição, o status social e políticas públicas de incentivo ao esporte também apresentam parcela de contribuição para o sucesso no resultado da competição.(AU)

Abstract: The present study aimed to verify the social and behavioural factors associated with the performance in the competition of adolescent track and field athletes from Santa Catarina. 74 adolescent athletes aged 15 to 19 years participated in this study with a median age of 17.0 (16.0-18.0) years. Participants answered sociodemographic questions (gender, age and social class), questions about the frequency and duration of training sessions, sports experience, competition experience, financial incentive (Bolsa-Atleta) and subjective social status in the team. In addition, performance in the competition was obtained by consulting the records of the official results of the main sports competition for adolescents in the State of Santa Catarina. Spearman's correlation test was used to verify correlation between variables. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the groups. It was found that the medalists were the athletes who had more experience in sport (p = 0.033) and competition (p = 0.011) and longer training sessions (p = 0.002), compared to non-medalists in the competition. In addition, significant correlations were observed between performance and sport experience variables (rho = -0.298; p = 0.011), subjective social status in the team (rho = -0.316; p = 0.006), experience in competition (rho = -0.377; p = 0.001) and average training duration (rho = -0.316; p = 0.006). Finally, athletes who received Bolsa-Atleta improved performance compared to athletes who did not receive the benefit (p <0.001). It is concluded that in addition to the variables of training in Athletics present great relevance for the result in the competition, the social status and public policies of incentive to the sport also present part of contribution for the success in the result of the competition.(AU)

Quality of life of high school adolescents according to parental level of education / Qualidade de vida de adolescentes do ensino médio de acordo com o grau de instrução dos pais

INTRODUCTION: During adolescence, period marked by the accelerated body development, several factors can influence the quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To identify the correlation between adolescents´ quality of life and their parents' level of education. METHOD: Seven hundred and seventy-three students, between the age of 14 and 19, from the city of Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil, participated in the survey in a convenience sample by conglomerates. Sociodemographic data and parents' level of education were collected, in addition to the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ assessment, version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0). RESULTS: Children of mothers with college degree showed more positive quality of life in the Physical (p=0.010), School (p=0.014) and Total Quality of Life (p=0.002) dimensions, compared to the children of mothers with elementary school. In the Social dimension, there was a difference between higher education and other levels of education. Children of fathers with college degree showed higher positive perception of quality of life in the Physical dimension (p=0.008), compared to other levels of education. In the School dimension, children had a higher perception (p=0.036) compared to the peers of parents with complete elementary school. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the level of education of parents in Physical (p=0.002 father; p=0.003 mother), School (p=0.004 father; p=0.028 mother) and Total Quality of Life (p=0.002 father; p=0.002 mother) dimensions. Conclusion: This study revealed the relationship between a better quality of life for the adolescents studied with a higher level of education of their parents.

Social support from family and friends for physical activity in adolescence: analysis with structural equation modeling.

Social support is an important predictor for the maintenance of physical activity in adolescence. Thus, the social-ecological approach values the impact of individuals or groups interaction with available resources in the social environment for adopting an active lifestyle. This study analyzes social support from family and friends for adolescents to practice physical activity. Guided by the Social-Ecological Theory, an observational cross-sectional structural equations modeling was applied to 2,710 Brazilians adolescents aged from 14 to 18 years. We identified that the greater the social support from friends (ß = 0.30; RMSEA = 0.065; CFI = 0.953; TLI = 0.922; SRMR = 0.048) and family, the greater the adolescents physical activity (ß = 0.27; RMSEA = 0.015; CFI = 0.997; TLI = 0.995; SRMR = 0.013). However, support from both sources indicated no adequate adjustment values in the same study model. Our findings suggest that adolescents who perceive social support from family members or friends practice more physical activity, confirming that social support is important for physical activity promotion.

ADHD Comorbid With Major Depression on Parents and Teachers Perceptions.

Objective: Examine the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) responses of parents and teachers for children with ADHD comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD), with an emphasis on determining how well the respondent groups' responses correlate, and how well the results obtained perform as predictors of clinical diagnosis. Method: The SDQ was completed by parents and teachers of (n = 215 participants, 7-12 years old) in ADHD, MDD, ADHD + MDD, and healthy control groups. Agreement between parent and teacher SDQs and their concordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) diagnoses were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kappa concordance analyses were used to compare the groups with the health control group. Results: The comorbid group presented greater impairments than the ADHD, MDD, and control groups (p < .001). Conclusion: The presence of psychiatric comorbidity causes greater impairment for school children with ADHD. The SDQ has good sensitivity for detecting these children and correlates well with DSM diagnosis.

Social support from family and friends for physical activity in adolescence: analysis with structural equation modeling / Apoio social de familiares e amigos para atividade física em adolescentes: análise com modelagem de equações estruturais / Apoyo social de la familia y amigos para la actividad física de adolescentes: análisis con modelos de ecuaciones estructurales

Social support is an important predictor for the maintenance of physical activity in adolescence. Thus, the social-ecological approach values the impact of individuals or groups interaction with available resources in the social environment for adopting an active lifestyle. This study analyzes social support from family and friends for adolescents to practice physical activity. Guided by the Social-Ecological Theory, an observational cross-sectional structural equations modeling was applied to 2,710 Brazilians adolescents aged from 14 to 18 years. We identified that the greater the social support from friends (β = 0.30; RMSEA = 0.065; CFI = 0.953; TLI = 0.922; SRMR = 0.048) and family, the greater the adolescents physical activity (β = 0.27; RMSEA = 0.015; CFI = 0.997; TLI = 0.995; SRMR = 0.013). However, support from both sources indicated no adequate adjustment values in the same study model. Our findings suggest that adolescents who perceive social support from family members or friends practice more physical activity, confirming that social support is important for physical activity promotion.

O apoio social é um preditor importante da manutenção de atividade física na adolescência, sendo que a abordagem da ecologia social valoriza o impacto da interação entre indivíduos ou grupos com recursos disponíveis no ambiente social para adotar um estilo de vida saudável. Portanto, o estudo analisa as relações de apoio social de familiares e amigos para a prática de atividade física por adolescentes. Com base na Teoria de Ecologia Social, os autores aplicam a modelagem de equações estruturais com uma perspectiva observacional e desenho transversal, com 2.710 adolescentes brasileiros entre 14 e 18 anos de idade. Foi possível mostrar que níveis maiores de apoio social dos amigos (β = 0,30; RMSEA = 0,065; CFI = 0,953; TLI = 0,922; SRMR = 0,048) e dos familiares estão associados com maior atividade física nos adolescentes (β = 0,27; RMSEA = 0,015; CFI = 0,997; TLI = 0,995; SRMR = 0,013). Entretanto, o apoio de ambas as fontes no mesmo modelo analítico não indicou bons valores de ajuste. Os achados sugerem que os adolescentes que recebem apoio social de familiares ou amigos apresentam melhores níveis de atividade física, confirmando o apoio social como importante fator de promoção da prática de atividade física.

El apoyo social es un importante predictor para el mantenimiento de la actividad física en la adolescencia, por ello, el enfoque socioecológico valora el impacto de la interacción entre individuos, o grupos con recursos disponibles en el entorno social, con el fin de adoptar un estilo de vida activo. Por lo tanto, este estudio analiza el apoyo social de las relaciones de familia y amigos para la práctica de actividad física de adolescentes. Utilizando la Teoría Ecológica Social, aplicamos modelos de ecuaciones, desde una perspectiva observacional con diseño transversal, en la que participaron 2.710 brasileños adolescentes, de 14 a 18 años de edad. Fue posible identificar que cuanto mayor era el apoyo social de los amigos (β = 0,30; RMSEA = 0,065; CFI = 0,953; TLI = 0,922; SRMR = 0,048), al igual que el apoyo social de la familia, mayor era la actividad física de los adolescentes (β = 0,27; RMSEA = 0,015; CFI = 0,997; TLI = 0,995; SRMR = 0,013). Sin embargo, el respaldo de ambas fuentes en el mismo modelo de análisis no indicó valores de ajuste adecuados. Los resultados sugieren que los adolescentes que percibieron un apoyo social de los miembros de la familia o amigos tienen niveles mejores de actividad física. Este resultado confirma que el apoyo social es un importante promotor de la práctica de actividad física.

Qualidade de vida de estudantes de medicina e a dificuldade de conciliação do internato com os estudos / Quality of life of medicine students and the difficulty of conciliation of clerkship and studies

INTRODUÇÃO: Os anos finais do curso de graduação em Medicina estão cercados pelo aumento gradual de responsabilidades acumuladas durante o curso, que por muitas vezes, podem sobrecarregar os estudantes modificando a qualidade de vida dos mesmos. OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil de qualidade de vida de formandos do curso de Medicina e a sua associação com a dificuldade em conciliar o internato e os estudos. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi formada por 302 estudantes, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 25,4 anos, que frequentavam o internato obrigatório do curso de Medicina. Foram investigadas a qualidade de vida por meio do WHOQOL-bref, informações sociodemográficas e características do internato. RESULTADOS: Os scores da qualidade de vida geral (63,52) e domínios Psicológico (73,17) e Físico (73,19) foram os indicadores de qualidade de vida com percepção mais negativa por parte destes estudantes. Da amostra, 29,1% relataram percepção neutra ou negativa destas questões. Os domínios Físico (p=0,004), Psicológico (p=0,008) e Meio ambiente (p=0,026) apresentaram poder preditivo de 15,8% da qualidade de vida geral. Além disso, os estudantes que possuíam dificuldades em conciliar o internato com o estudo tiveram menor qualidade de vida geral (p=0,026) e física (p=0,010). CONCLUSÃO: Os piores indicadores de qualidade de vida foram os domínios Psicológico, Físico e a qualidade de vida geral. Uma parcela da amostra relatou percepção neutra ou negativa de sua qualidade de vida. Alunos com dificuldade em conciliar o internato e os estudos apresentaram percepção mais negativa no domínio Físico e na qualidade de vida geral.

INTRODUCTION: The final years of the undergraduate medical course are surrounded by the gradual increase of responsibilities accumulated during the course, which can often overwhelm students by modifying their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the quality of life profile of graduates of the medical course and their association with the difficulty in conciliate clerkship and studies. METHODS: The sample consisted of 302 students, with a mean age of 25.4 years. Were investigated the quality of life through the WHOQOL-bref, sociodemographic information and characteristics of clerkship. RESULTS: The general quality of life (63.52) and the domains Psychological (73.17) and Physical (73.19) were the indicators more negative perception by students. In the sample, 29.1% reported neutral or negative perception of quality of life. The physical (p=0.004), psychological (p=0.008) and environment (p=0.026) were predictive power of 15.8% of the overall quality of life. In addition, it was found that the students who had difficulties in conciliate the clerkship and the study had a lower general quality of life (p=0.026) and physical quality (p=0.010). CONCLUSION: The worst indicators of quality of life were the Psychological, Physical and general quality of life domains. A portion of the sample reported a neutral or negative perception of their quality of life. Students with difficulty to conciliate clerkship and studies show more negative perception in the physical domain and general quality of life.

[Association between dissatisfaction with body image and health-related physical fitness among adolescents]. / Associação entre insatisfação com a imagem corporal e aptidão física relacionada à saúde em adolescentes.

The scope of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image and verify the association between dissatisfaction with thinness or with overweight and health-related physical fitness components among adolescents. Participants included 1058 adolescents (570 girls and 488 boys), with mean age of 16.3 (±1.0) years. The investigated variables were dissatisfaction with body image (Figure Rating Scale), and health-related physical fitness: body fat (skin folds), muscle strength (handgrip strength) and cardiorespiratory fitness (mCAFT test). The association of body image and the health-related physical fitness variables was tested by Multinomial Regression analysis. The prevalence of body dissatisfaction was 75.2% (girls = 79.5%; boys = 70.3%). Girls and boys with high body fat were less likely to be dissatisfied with thinness and more likely to be dissatisfied with overweight. Those who needed to improve muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness were more likely to be dissatisfied with thinness and with overweight, respectively. In conclusion, physical fitness was associated with body image, with the adolescents with less healthy conditions of the components being more dissatisfied.

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal e verificar a associação entre a insatisfação pela magreza e pelo excesso de peso e componentes da aptidão física relacionada à saúde em adolescentes. Participaram 1.058 adolescentes (570 moças e 488 rapazes), com média de idade de 16,3(± 1,0) anos. As variáveis investigadas foram a insatisfação com a imagem corporal (escala de silhuetas), e as relativas à aptidão física relacionada à saúde: adiposidade corporal (dobras cutâneas), força muscular (preensão manual) e aptidão cardiorrespiratória (teste mCAFT). A associação entre a imagem corporal e as variáveis de aptidão física foi testada por meio da Regressão Multinomial. A prevalência de insatisfação corporal foi de 75,2% (moças = 79,5%; rapazes = 70,3%). Moças e rapazes com adiposidade corporal elevada tiveram menor chance de insatisfação pela magreza e maior chance de insatisfação pelo excesso de peso. Os que necessitavam melhorar a força muscular e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória tiveram maior chance de insatisfação pela magreza e pelo excesso de peso, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a aptidão física relacionada à saúde esteve associada à imagem corporal, sendo que os adolescentes com níveis menos saudáveis dos diferentes componentes foram os mais insatisfeitos.

Subjective sleep need and daytime sleepiness in adolescents / Necessidade subjetiva de sono e sonolência diurna em adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the contribution of subjective sleep need for daytime sleepiness in adolescents, and to compare questions about sleep, age and body mass index between adolescents who considered to sleep enough and those who reported the need for more sleep. Methods: This is a descriptive, epidemiological and cross-sectional study. Data collection was performed in August 2016, with 773 adolescents aged 14-19 years old, from Paranaguá, Paraná, Southern Brazil. The analysis included the following variables: time in bed, half-sleep phase, sleep need, social jetlag, daytime sleepiness, body mass index and physical activity. Results: The prevalence of adolescents with subjective need for sleep was 73.0%, with an average need of 1.7 extra hours of sleep. These adolescents woke up earlier (p<0.001) and slept less on school days (p<0.001). The need for more sleep was associated with higher daytime sleepiness scores (rho=0.480; p<0.001) and with later half-sleep phase (rho=0.200; p<0.001). No correlation was identified between the sleep need and time in bed (rho=-0.044; p=0.225). The subjective sleep need was the variable with the greatest explanatory power for daytime sleepiness (24.8%; p<0.001). In addition, the less adolescents practiced physical activity, the higher their daytime sleepiness scores (rho=-0.117; p<0.001). Conclusions: The subjective sleep need has an important role in explaining daytime sleepiness among adolescents. Adolescents who needed to sleep more reported waking up early and experienced sleep deprivation during class days; they also woke up later on the weekends and experienced more daytime sleepiness, compared to those who believed they had enough sleep.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a contribuição da necessidade subjetiva de sono para a sonolência diurna em adolescentes e comparar questões sobre sono, idade e índice de massa corporal entre os adolescentes que consideram dormir o suficiente e os que julgam necessitar dormir mais. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, epidemiológico e transversal, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu em agosto de 2016 em 773 adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos de Paranaguá, PR, Brasil. As variáveis de análise foram tempo de cama, meia fase do sono e necessidade de mais horas de sono, além do jetlag social, sonolência diurna, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e atividade física. Resultados: A prevalência de adolescentes com necessidade subjetiva de sono foi 73,0%, sugerindo precisar, em média, de 1,7 hora a mais de sono. Estes acordavam mais cedo (p<0,001) e dormiam menos nos dias de aula (p<0,001). A necessidade de dormir mais associou-se a maiores pontuações de sonolência diurna (rho=0,480; p<0,001) e com meia fase do sono mais tardia (rho=0,200; p<0,001). Não foi identificada correlação entre necessidade de sono e tempo de cama (rho=-0,044; p=0,225). A necessidade subjetiva de sono foi a variável com maior poder explicativo da sonolência diurna (24,8%; p<0,001). Além disso, quanto menos os adolescentes praticavam atividade física, maiores as pontuações de sonolência diurna (rho=-0,117; p<0,001). Conclusões: A percepção subjetiva de sono teve papel importante para explicar a sonolência diurna dos adolescentes. Os jovens que precisavam dormir mais relataram acordar mais cedo e apresentavam privação de sono durante os dias de aula, acordaram mais tarde no final de semana e apresentaram maior sonolência diurna, comparando-se aos que acreditavam dormir o suficiente.

Associação entre insatisfação com a imagem corporal e aptidão física relacionada à saúde em adolescentes / Association between dissatisfaction with body image and health-related physical fitness among adolescents

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal e verificar a associação entre a insatisfação pela magreza e pelo excesso de peso e componentes da aptidão física relacionada à saúde em adolescentes. Participaram 1.058 adolescentes (570 moças e 488 rapazes), com média de idade de 16,3(± 1,0) anos. As variáveis investigadas foram a insatisfação com a imagem corporal (escala de silhuetas), e as relativas à aptidão física relacionada à saúde: adiposidade corporal (dobras cutâneas), força muscular (preensão manual) e aptidão cardiorrespiratória (teste mCAFT). A associação entre a imagem corporal e as variáveis de aptidão física foi testada por meio da Regressão Multinomial. A prevalência de insatisfação corporal foi de 75,2% (moças = 79,5%; rapazes = 70,3%). Moças e rapazes com adiposidade corporal elevada tiveram menor chance de insatisfação pela magreza e maior chance de insatisfação pelo excesso de peso. Os que necessitavam melhorar a força muscular e a aptidão cardiorrespiratória tiveram maior chance de insatisfação pela magreza e pelo excesso de peso, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a aptidão física relacionada à saúde esteve associada à imagem corporal, sendo que os adolescentes com níveis menos saudáveis dos diferentes componentes foram os mais insatisfeitos.

Abstract The scope of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dissatisfaction with body image and verify the association between dissatisfaction with thinness or with overweight and health-related physical fitness components among adolescents. Participants included 1058 adolescents (570 girls and 488 boys), with mean age of 16.3 (±1.0) years. The investigated variables were dissatisfaction with body image (Figure Rating Scale), and health-related physical fitness: body fat (skin folds), muscle strength (handgrip strength) and cardiorespiratory fitness (mCAFT test). The association of body image and the health-related physical fitness variables was tested by Multinomial Regression analysis. The prevalence of body dissatisfaction was 75.2% (girls = 79.5%; boys = 70.3%). Girls and boys with high body fat were less likely to be dissatisfied with thinness and more likely to be dissatisfied with overweight. Those who needed to improve muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness were more likely to be dissatisfied with thinness and with overweight, respectively. In conclusion, physical fitness was associated with body image, with the adolescents with less healthy conditions of the components being more dissatisfied.

SUBJECTIVE SLEEP NEED AND DAYTIME SLEEPINESS IN ADOLESCENTS.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the contribution of subjective sleep need for daytime sleepiness in adolescents, and to compare questions about sleep, age and body mass index between adolescents who considered to sleep enough and those who reported the need for more sleep. METHODS: This is a descriptive, epidemiological and cross-sectional study. Data collection was performed in August 2016, with 773 adolescents aged 14-19 years old, from Paranaguá, Paraná, Southern Brazil. The analysis included the following variables: time in bed, half-sleep phase, sleep need, social jetlag, daytime sleepiness, body mass index and physical activity. RESULTS: The prevalence of adolescents with subjective need for sleep was 73.0%, with an average need of 1.7 extra hours of sleep. These adolescents woke up earlier (p<0.001) and slept less on school days (p<0.001). The need for more sleep was associated with higher daytime sleepiness scores (rho=0.480; p<0.001) and with later half-sleep phase (rho=0.200; p<0.001). No correlation was identified between the sleep need and time in bed (rho=-0.044; p=0.225). The subjective sleep need was the variable with the greatest explanatory power for daytime sleepiness (24.8%; p<0.001). In addition, the less adolescents practiced physical activity, the higher their daytime sleepiness scores (rho=-0.117; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The subjective sleep need has an important role in explaining daytime sleepiness among adolescents. Adolescents who needed to sleep more reported waking up early and experienced sleep deprivation during class days; they also woke up later on the weekends and experienced more daytime sleepiness, compared to those who believed they had enough sleep.